| Glossary |
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To be able to explain certain terms we have
created this glossary for all our users. We
hope it will help you understand more of the
terms regarding Stock imaging and photography
in general. If you still find unexplained
terms please contact
us and we will do our best to help.
A B
C D E
F G H
I J K
L M N
O P Q R
S T U
V W X
Y Z
A
Adult Model Release
A legal form where the terms and conditions
under which the photograph can be used signed
by the model, of the age of 18 or more, on
the photo in question.
Agent
Anti-Aliasing
Smoothing the pixelated edges of a selection
or paint tools in digital imaging applications.
Aperture
A small plate used for blocking light from
the light sensitive material in a camera.
The plate contains a small hole which gives
the photographer the control of how much light
is able to enter the camera.
B
Back Lit
When a photographed subject is lit from behind
we say that the image or object is back lit.
Ball Head
A mounting head used on tripod or monopods.
The device is produced to be able to allow
the camera to be pointed in any desired
direction with the help of a ball to provide
flexibility.
Barrel Distortion
A distortion where parallel lines in an
image appears to bow outwards at the edges
of the image. Like in a wooden barrel.
Batteries
An energy source used for most cameras.
Birds View
Birds view means that the position of the
photographer is much higher than the subject
he/she is photographing.
Bit
The smallest unit of memory in the digital
world. The word itself is a mix of “binary”
and “digit”. The digits are
0 or 1 also known as on and off.
Bitmap
Blur
An area of an image which is not in focus
and will appear with less defined details
and will have a more soft touch than it
actually has in real life.
Boolean Search
Boolean search is a specialized search wherein
you can use operators like AND, OR, NOT,
XOR to find exactly what you want.
Bounce Flash
To bounce the light from a flash unit on
a wall, ceiling or similar and then onto
the photographed subject. This is often
done to soften shadows and get a more flattering
light.
Black and White
A term used to describe an image or film.
Simply, it means that the image uses only
shades of grey to visualise the subject
photographed or filmed. The term is closely
associated with the term greyscale.
Buffer
A buffer in a digital camera is a temporary
memory where images are stored before they
are written to the storage media in the
camera.
Byte
1 byte is constructed by 8 bits. One bit
is either 1 or 0. Therefore 1 byte is a
string of a combination of 1s and 0s - e.g.
10011100.
C
Canvas
Canvas is a term describing for the textile
base for a traditional painting. The term
is also used in digital photo editors where
it represents the working area for the ongoing
project. Category
In this case category means that images
are divided into different groups (categories)
with various themes such as wildlife, business,
industrial, people, sport, nature, landscape,
technology and similar.
Curvilinear Distortion
A distortion where normally straight lines
appears as curved lines.
CCD
Charged Coupled Device – a light sensitive
digital image sensor used by most digital
cameras.
CD
Compact Disc – A digital storage media
used on most personal computers (PCs)
Clipping-path
Clipping-path means that the main subject
of the image is free from cluttered background
so that one can easily extract the subject
from the background to be able to change
the background, make a collage or similar.
Close-up
An image which is taken very close to the
subject photographed.
CMYK
Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black – These
are the color scheme used by most printers.
Digital cameras produce an RGB image and
the files therefore have to be converted
before printing. This is a major problem
since the colors will vary slightly.
Comp Image
A low resolution, small sized
image for evaluation or preliminary layout
purposes. Not allowed to be used for any
other purposes. Doing so means breach of
international copyright law.
Compression
Compression is a term for decreasing the
original file size of an image. A mathematical
algorithm is used to represent the image
in a different way so that the file size
will be smaller. For example: if the image
has 5 black pixels in a row we can represent
this as BBBBB or 5B. The latter version
will decrease the file size of the image.
Collage
Collage means to make an artistic composition
of different images on a separate background.,
often with unifying colors or patterns.
Color Image
The term color image simply means that the
image is build up of different colours to
define the photographed subject. This in
opposite to greyscale or monochrome images
Color Manipulation
When the colors of the image has been altered
from the original colors. A term mostly
associated with computer technology today
although other ways and means exist to manipulate
colors.
Comp image
CompactFlash
A type of Memory card used in many digital
cameras. They come with different capacity.
Composition
To arrange elements of a scene in a pleasing
way.
Contrast
Subjective differences in brightness between
light and dark areas in an image.
Contributor
In this case a contributor provides the
content of this website such as photos,
illustrations, articles etc.
Copy Space
A physical place on the image where there
is place for copywriting (text).
Copywriting
Copywriting is the art of writing sales
and marketing related materials. Copywriting
is used in every major area of business
such as Sales Letters, Business plans, advertising
etc.
D
Decompression
A mathematical algorithm to process the compressed
file into its original version. Depth
of Field (DOF)
The range in front of the lens with acceptable
focus.
Digital Cameras
Cameras which unlike the older analogue
cameras, outputs digital image files.
Digital Enhancement
A change made to an image with the aid of
a digital tool. Mostly used when discussing
editing of images with a computer application.
Digital Watermarking
Digital Watermarking embeds information
into digital data in a secret and inconspicuous
way.
This can be information such as copyright
notices and/or other information about ownership
of a digital image.
Digitally Generated Image
An image entirely produced with a computer
application.
Digital Zoom
Digital Zoom is not a “true”
zoom but in fact a cropping of the centre
part of the image. This can be done in different
ways but can never make up for a “real”
optical zoom when talking image quality.
Dithering
A method of simulating many colors or shades
of grey with only a few.
DPI
Dots Per Inch – A measurement of pixel
density in a digitalised image. 300 dpi
indicates that 300 individual pixels are
fitted in one inch which means a higher
definition than a 72 dpi image.
DVD
Digital Versatile Disc – A laser-read
optical storage system using CD-like discs.
Standard on most computers today.
E
Effective Pixels EPS
Encapsulated Postscript – a computer
file standard produced by Adobe. Creates
large files but is on the other hand one
of the most accurate ways to represent images
and fonts.
Exclusive rights
An exclusive rights license gives the owner
of such rights the sole right to the image
in question - often used in connection with
a limited time-period and other limitations.
EXIF
Exchangeable Image File – Image data
such as shutter speed, ISO etc. are stored
directly in the file generated by a digital
camera. The data can be read by any application
supporting “JPEG” such as web
browsers, image editing applications and
so on.
Export
The process where a file is “sent”
to be printed, compressed or transformed
into another file format.
Exposure
Exposure is the process of a light-sensitive
material getting exposed to light, in this
case leading to a photograph.
F
File Format
With file format we mean the internal structure
of a computer file.
File
Size
The disc space required to store a digital
file - measured in bytes, kilobytes, megabytes
or gigabytes.
Fill Flash
A fill flash is a flash which is not supposed
to be the main or primary light in the scene
but used to fill in shadows and reduce contrast.
Filter
In traditional photography: a device applied
at the front of the lens to produce some kind
of effect. In the digital world it is a tool
to do the same thing, but is normally done
in a image editing application.
Fisheye
Lens
A fisheye lens is an extreme wide-angled lens
which creates barrel distortion.
Flash
Artificial light used to illuminate a scene.
Focus
Focus is the point where an image of an object
or scene appears clearly with defined details.
Format
Different versions of film sizes are called
different formats – large format, medium
format and similar.
Forum
A forum can be described as a virtual place
for discussion, often built up by “threads”.
To start a discussion you post a thread and
other can post a reply to your question, comment
or similar.
G
Gallery
A gallery is a showplace for art such as photography,
illustrations or similar. GIF
Graphic Interface designed by CompuServe
for using images on line. This is a 256
color or 8 bit image.
GIF 89
The last version of GIF. Like GIF but also
allow transparency.
Gigabyte
A measure of the size of storage media or
individual files.
1 Gigabyte (Gb) = 1 000 Megabytes (Mb) =
1 000 000 Kilobytes (Kb) =
bytes
Greyscale
A term used in photography and film. Basically
it means that only shades of grey are used
to define the image.
GUI
Graphic User Interface – refers to a
user friendly graphical appearance, rather
than a text-version, of the user interface.
H
High Angle View
High Angle View means that the position of
the photographer is higher than the subject
he is photographing.
High
Resolution
Refers to a high pixel density within a digital
photo/image.
Histogram
A histogram function on a digital camera is
a graph showing the number of pixels (y-axis
)on each brightness from black to white.(x-axis)
Horizontal Orientation
Horizontal Orientation means that the length
of the image is greater than the height.
House
A term used for the image generating part
of an SLR camera. To a house you can attach
different lenses and other accessories.
Hue
Hue is the color reflected from or transmitted
through an object.
I
Illustration
Illustration is the art of explaining an idea
by showing the spectators instead of telling
them. In this case we define illustrations
as something drawn or painted by hand or by
using digital tools.
Illustrator
The creator of an illustration
Image
An image is a visual representation of something.
Immediate download
You can download the file instantly from this
website for use in your production.
Interpolation
Interpolation is a term for an algorithm used
to increase the size of a digital image. The
result of the increase is determined by the
sophistication of the algorithm itself.
J
JPEG
The JPEG image format is the dominant format
used by digital cameras. Despite its “lossy”
compression method it has been the standard
format for image storing. The reason for this
is the ability to reduce the file size of
the compressed image without any visible degradation
in quality at normal magnification.
K
Keywords
Keywords are words that describe or represent
something you are searching for.
Kilobyte
A measure of the size of storage media or
individual files. 1 Kilobyte (Kb) = 1 000
Bytes
L
Landscape - Format
Defines an image where the width of the image
is greater that its height.
Landscape
– Motif
A photograph of outdoor scenes like mountains,
forests or other scenery.
LCD
Liquid Crystal Display – is a display
you find on most digital cameras today and
it lets you preview the image and even functions
as a large viewfinder.
Lens
A lens is a tube that holds elements of optical
glass in place. A lens is designed to focus
light on one common point in order to later
produce an image on a light-sensitive material.
License fee
Lightbox
Low Angle View
Low Angle View means that the photographers
view is lower than the subject in focus in
the image in question.
Low
resolution
Refers to a low pixel density within a digital
photo/image.
LPI
Lines Per Inch – term used within the
printing industry.
M
Macro
A close-up photograph where the photographed
object will appear equal or greater in size
on the negative than in real life.
Megabyte (Mb)
A measure of the size of storage media or
individual files.
1 Megabyte (Mb) = 1 000 Kilobytes (Kb) = 1
000 000 (bytes)
Megapixel
One megapixel is the same as one million pixels
- a popular measurement of the size of images
output by digital cameras. Simply it is a
measurement of the area of the digital image.
If the image is 2500 by 2000 pixels it is
5 megapixels.
Metering
A system to measure the amount of light in
the frame to be able to calculate the best
exposure mode.
Minor Model
Release
A legal form where the terms and conditions
under which the photograph can be used signed
by the parent or guardian of the minor, of
the age of 17 or less, on the photo in question.
Model release
A legal form where the terms and conditions
under which the photograph can be used signed
by the model on the photo in question.
Monochromatic
An image consisting of shades of one single
colour. Technically light consisting of one
single wavelength.
Monopod
A one-leg pole with a head designed to attach
a camera - produced to provide support for
the photographer when taking a photograph.
Motion Blur
A blurred area in the image caused by a movement,
either by the camera itself or by the photographed
subject. The blurriness occurs when the setting
of the cameras shutter is not capable of registering
the scene fast enough to freeze the moment.
N
Negative
A photographic image in which colours are
reversed from the original scene. Usually
the film negative is used to make a positive
print
Newton Rings
Concentric multi-colored rings caused by the
pressing of film to glass. This can be a problem
in scanning from negatives or transparencies.
Normal lens
A lens with a focal length approximately the
same as the diagonal measurement of the film
being used. This produces an image that approximates
the same angle of view and perspective of
the human eye. For a 35mm camera, the 50mm
lens is considered normal.
O
OCR
Acronym for Optical Character Recognition.
It is a software that converts scanned text
documents fron an image back into editable
text
P
Panning
Moving the camera so that the image of a moving
object remains in the same relative position
in the viewfinder as you take a picture.
Panorama – Format
A picture presenting a continuous view of
e.g. a landscape, produced either by using
a panoramic camera or from a composite of
several images stitched together.
Photographer
The person taking a photograph.
Photograph
A two-dimensional still image recorded using
any optical process (includes both digital
and analogue cameras).
Photography
Literally writing or drawing with light (from
the Greek words photos meaning light and graphos,
writing).
PICT
A graphic file format, often used on Apple
Mac.
Pixel
A single dot in a digital image. Short for
Picture Element.
Pixibit
The best image bank in the world :-D
PNG
Short for Portable Network Graphics format,
a format for bitmapped images. PNG was designed
to be the successor to GIF format.
Point & Shoot camera
With this type of ceamera, you are looking
through a separate window (viewfinder) instead
of through the lens. They are smaller and
less expensive than SLR-type cameras. But
they do not have the ability to change lense,
flashes etc. Nor can you change different
parameters wich are essential for proffesional
photography.
PPI
Acronym for Pixels Per Inch, a measure of
resolution.
Preview
A smaller version of a larger image or a test
image showing a change before the actual change
has taken place.
Process
color
The four color pigments cyan, magenta, yellow,
and black (CMYK) used in color printing.
Property release
Permission from a property holder (e.g. a
houseowner or building property manager) to
use a photograph of the property.
Point of view – POW
A camera angle in which the camera views what
would be visible from a particular object's
position
Portrait –
Format
An image in which the aspect ratio is taller
than it is wide.Ordinary 35mm cameras shoot
in a portrait aspect ratio when they are held
vertically.
R
RAW
An image in the RAW format contains the raw
data as it comes directly off the CCD. No
in-camera processing is performed. The image
is a better representation of the "digital
negative" captured. No sharperning, colour
correction, white balance, gamma correction
or level correction has been applied in the
camera before saving the image. The RAW format
also records colour data over a wider bit
range than other formats. You can not
RAW image files with a normal photo package
without using an camera-specific software/plug-in.
Red eye
The appearance of deep red dot in the eye
of a human or animal photographic subject.
Redeye is is caused by the flash reflecting
off the retina in the eye.
It can be prevented by adjusting the camera
angle, being sure the subject does not look
straight at the flash, or by using ”
Red-eye Reduction Mode”
Red-eye
Reduction Mode
A special flash mode whereby a pre-flash or
a series of low-powered flashes are emitted
before the main flash goes off to expose the
picture. This causes the pupil in the human
eye to close and helps eliminate red-eye.
Resample
To change the resolution of an image. Resampling
down discards pixel information in an image;
resampling up adds pixel information through
interpolation.
Resolution
The particular pixel density of an image,
or the number of dots per inch a device is
capable of recognizing or producing. In anaolgue
photography it´s dependent upon the
resolving power of the lens and the film emulsion.
In digital photography it’s dependent
upon the resolving power of the lens and the
number of pixels detectable by the image sensor.
RGB
Short for Red, Green, and Blue. It´s
the basic additive color model used for color
video display, as on a computer monitor or
TV.
Rights
managed
Rights Managed images are sold and licensed
based upon a buyers intended use. The usage
fees are based on the usage as requested,
from factors such as size, distribution and
duration of use. Rights Managed photography
is closely monitored by its stock agency,
so buyers can find out exactly where, when,
and how much a rights managed photo has been
used. Rights Managed photography costs more
than Royalty free photography. You are not
allowed to edit or alter the images unless
authorized.
Royalty
free
This type of stock photo is available for
unlimited use. Pricing is based solely on
the size of output and resolution required,
not the specific image use. Once you purchase
a royalty-free image, you may use it multiple
times for multiple projects without paying
additional fees (assuming they are not pornographic
or defamatory). You are allowed to edit and
alter the image as you like, and thereby creating
unique works of your own.
S
Saturation
The amount of gray in a color. More gray in
a color means lower saturation, less gray
in a color means higher saturation.
Search result
Upon doing a search, in this case for images,
The search results is the outcome of your
search. Typically, a number of images will
be presented matching your criteria.
Self-timer
A feature on many cameras which delay theng of the shutter for some seconds after
release.
Slide
A 35mm transparency mounted for projection
SLR cameras
Acronym for Singe Lens Reflex. When you look
into the viewfinder in these cameras you are
actually looking through the camera lens.These
cameras are highly flexible and are used by
proffesional photgraphers. You can change
lenses as well as most other accessories.
Stock photography
Stock photos are images that have already
been taken by the photographer. Instead of
hiring a photographer to capture a specific
subject or event, one can instead, check a
photo library's inventory of previously taken
images to see what is in "stock".
T
Telephoto Lens
Often only called Tele lens. It makes subject
in scene seem closer, but also gives a narrower
field of view. Focal length greater than 50mm
for 35mm cameras.
Thumbnail
A small (as small as thumbnail) preview of
a larger image. Often used on the web, linked
to a larger version of the same image.
TIFF
Tagged Image File Format, a file format for
exchanging bitmapped and grayscale images
among applications.
Tiling
Reproducing a large image by breaking the
image into parts, or tiles. When pieced together,
they reproduce the original image.
Tone values
Various shades of gray between the extremes
of black & white in a photographic image.
Tripod
A three-legged stand used to hold the camera
steady. Tripods are especially useful when
using slower shutter speeds and/or telephoto
lenses. Most cameras have a tripod fitting,
usually a threaded hole on the bottom.
Tungsten light
A metal in filament of a bulb. The light emitted
is an orange light with a colour temperature
at about 3200 degrees.
U
Usage restrictions
An image can have different usage restrictions,
such as Royalty Free or Rights Managed.
V
Viewfinder
Either an optical or electrical display used
in a camera, which you look through to compose
the scene.
W
Watermark
Watermarks are added to digital images to
identify copyright ownership. A mark, logo,
symbol, etc., superimposed over part of a
picture. Watermarks are typically added to
pictures to establish ownership
Watermark
– Digital
Digital watermarks are usually coded invisibly
within the digital structure of a picture
in such a way that the image quality of the
photo is not or should not be significantly
degraded. The digital watermark cannot be
read by a human being, but a computer program
can be used to decipher the coded content.
Well-encoded watermarks can survive image
cropping, recompression, editing and so on.
White balance
Normally our eyes compensate for different
lighting conditions, but when taking a still
with a digital camera the camera has to find
the "white point" to correct other
colours cast by the same light.
Wide
Angle Lens
Lenses with a focal length that gives a wider
field of view.
(Focal length less than 50mm on a 35mm camera)
WYSIWYG
An acronym for What You See Is What You Get.
Refers to the ability to output data from
the computer exactly as it appears on the
screen.
X
X-axis
Is equvialent to width.
Y
Y-axis
Is equvialent to height.
Z
Z-axis
Is equvialent to depth.
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